Domestic violence and human rights reserch Research Paper

Domestic violence and human rights reserch - Research Paper Example Children are likewise thought to be mishandled about as frequently as spouses. The elderly also compose an identifiable group of abuse victims whose rights are violated and neglected. Often they are targets of the frustrations of family members who are presumed to care for them. In this regard, the essay is written with the objective of presenting relevant issues about domestic abuse as a human rights violation. Likewise, the discourse would discuss proposed ways to address and possible prevent this dilemma. Definition of Terms According to UNICEF (2000), â€Å"The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993) defines violence against women as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† (UNICEF, 2). The same source defines dom estic violence as â€Å"violence perpetrated by intimate partners and other family members, and manifested through: physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, economic abuse and acts of omission† (ibid.). ... ed, fear of and control over female sexuality, belief in the inherent superiority of males, and legislation and cultural sanctions that have traditionally denied women and children an independent legal and social status† (UNICEF, 7). Situations where imposition of inequality of power towards another person deemed to possess weakness either in physical strength, educational achievement, economic status, or perceived demographic factors (age, race, culture) have increased tendencies for domestic violence. Consequences The most crucial effect of domestic violence as revealed by various studies is the denial of human rights (UNICEF, 8). Further, domestic violence creates damaging repercussions to victims in the form of physical health injuries, mental health dilemmas and even fatal outcomes, such as death or contracting HIV/AIDS. There are also socio-economic cost identified to be associated with domestic violence, such as medical costs for treatment, law enforcement costs, lower l abor productivity, and decreased quality of life (ibid, 13). Prevention Strategies Due to the delicate nature and scope of the dilemma, domestic violence should be addressed with stringent vigilance and immediate action. The hesitation to report domestic violence due to fear, lack of resources or support systems, or ignorance exacerbate the ability of community workers and government institutions to apply the necessary strategies and interventions to prevent these abusive incidences. The Study Coordinator for WHO, Dr. Claudio Garcia Moreno averred that "domestic violence can be prevented and governments and communities need to mobilize to fight this widespread public health problem" (WHO, par. 10). The fact remains that women, children and the elderly have kept their silence about domestic

Film Prioritization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Prioritization - Essay Example Proposal #3 The Year of the Echo fails on the second â€Å"must† objective because its subject matter includes a heroin overdose and the underworld of sex, drugs and rock and roll, so it will be unable to get a PG advisory rating. Proposal #6 Keiko passes all the must objectives, although from a PR standpoint the treatment of Keiko in the movie might be an issue even though the footage was not filmed by the company. Proposal #7 Grand Island passes all the â€Å"must† objectives. Proposal #5 Nadia! and Proposal #2 Heidi also pass all the â€Å"must† objectives. Now we will examine the remaining films’ ability to fulfil the company’s â€Å"want† objectives. Proposal #4 has a chance to be nominated for an Academy Award because the Academy tends to select films that have a moral conscience and address environmental issues. It is unlikely that it will win the best picture, since it is rare for an animated feature to get the nod, but if the film is well executed it may have a chance. Proposal #4 passes all the rest of the company’s â€Å"want† objectives easily. It could be especially effective in creating merchandise revenue, particularly because the goal-based plot of the movie would translate into a video game very well. Proposal #6 has a chance to be nominated for an Oscar, but it seems less likely to be nominated or to win than Proposal #4 because its plot is not as innovative (it’s just like Free Willy) and because it doesn’t address the political concerns of the Academy as directly. It passes the remaining objectives just about as well as #4, although the projected ROI is less. Proposal #7 Grand Island has a better chance at winning an Oscar than #6, and it probably has a slightly better chance than #4, since it is a live-action feature and it also addresses the environmental concerns that the Academy holds dear. It has difficulty passing objective #2 because  it is not animated, although it still may be possible to spin off an animated TV show.  Ã‚  

Causes and Effects of Mental Illness

Causes and Effects of Mental Illness Depression (major depression) is a common mental disorder characterized by a period of intense and negative emotions, lack of interest, anhedonia (lack of pleasure), guilt and low self-esteem feelings, sleep disorders and normal appetite, loss of energy and difficulty in concentration. People who suffer from depression usually they have not presented the same symptoms and even if they have the same symptoms, their intensity varies. Depression can transform from a transient to a chronic condition, preventing the steady mental functioning of people and -in extreme cases even lead to suicide. The social and economic impact of depression usually is difficulty in maintaining close relationships, alcoholism, accidents, misuse of health services, reverberations the whole family and more on children, early retirement, and substance abuse. The depressed person suffering from the disease thus transformed and expressed in many ways such as hypochondriacal symptoms, impotence, insomnia or hypersomnia, poor appetite or overeating, and offending behavior. Moreover, depression can occur in various forms such as with most physical illnesses. However, in these types, there are several variations in the number and severity of symptoms. The following three types of depression frequently arise in people who suffer from this disease. The major depressive episode is manifested by a combination of symptoms and affected significantly the functionality of the individual. An incident such as this episode may occur once, or more frequently, several times during the life of the individual and ordinarily lasts around 6-8 months. A less severe form of depression, dysthymia, is a milder side of symptoms, but more chronic disorder. In this form, individual generally retains much of the functionality but however, there is a danger to drop back into a major depressive episode. Bipolar disorder or manic depression is otherwise a severe mental disorder characterized by cyclical swings of emotion, where in that period of intense elation (mania) alternate with periods of depressive episodes. The person in the manic episode shows hyperactivity, socially inappropriate, shows cheerful, with large energy reserves, but has impaired judgment and impaired social behavior which can be fatal for the person himself but also for those around him. Various theories have been developed by several scientists are unable to determine the exact etiology of depression. There are some factors that contribute to either the start or the most intense manifestation of the disease. Many scientists have studied the depression generating mechanism based on an individuals behavior. Ferster (1973) indicates that the depressed person may have the disease at intervals, during which accepts negative stimuli and isolation from the social environment without corresponding positive stimuli which could maintain his mental balance. Additionally, starting from childhood where negative stimuli are unable to meet the individual needs (such as the mothers indifference towards the child) cultivate the belief that the environment has grown not to offer anything on the person who is pessimistic. Also, Ferster, comments on the role of anger in depression, as psychoanalysts recognizing that anger is a component of the emotional disorder but explains that the angering event often avoided by the sufferer due to the negative reaction of the environment to anger. Therefore held that feeling and the result is the further isolation of the patient from the community and lack thereof supporters. The Rado (1964), Bibring (1953) and Jacobson (1964), completing the classic analytic interpretation pointed out that it is not necessary to have an objective loss to occur depression. They outline that, something negative relative to narcissism, the love and appreciation that nourishes everyone about him, a frustration or failure would seriously undermine the feeling of self-esteem, can paralyze a persons ability to act, resulting in a recall depression. Mendelson (1967) believed that depression is due to the collapse of ego and self-confidence because of a loss or disappointment. O Schneider (1958) described the people suffering from depressive psychopathy as follows: quietly, constantly gloomy, serious, without the ability to have fun. The peace and calm seen as something meaningless and pain and suffering as a virtue. They give great importance to the operation and are oppressive but also sensitive individuals. Schneider made a distinction between depressive personality and endogenous depression which more correlated with phases of mania and depression thus rejecting the idea that a depressive personality is an extreme form of depression expression. This personality is due in early irritation predisposing the individual to become negative and pessimistic On the other side, the forms and effects of depression differ by gender. Women are 2 to 3 times more susceptible to this disease than men. Some researchers such as Hauenstein (1991) have suggested that this is due to the fact that women express more easily and more intensely their feelings, from the opposite gender, is more large percentage of the female population that will seek medical care in relation to the male gender, women affected, think and imagine different scenarios and versions if concern for a problem, leading to cause the beginning of an emotional disease while men distract their attention from the problem and focus on their goals. However, the difference is quite large, so it is believed that a combination of biological and psychosocial factors contribute to a higher frequency. The causes that can lead an individual to depression vary depending on the evolution of his life. More specifically, it is clear that there is no single reason to explain this disorder (as usually happens with many other illnesses in general). Surveys have identified several factors that appear to contribute in varying degrees to the illness of depression. We can consider the depressive disorder as the final common result of a variety of factors which act on the constitution of each individual and the specific social context. If we look at depression in this way then the various interpretations of the ground, either purely biological or purely psychosocial cease to seem to contradict each other, but rather that they complement each other.

Imagination and Realism in Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Imagination and Realism in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet is a composite of poetic and realistic elements. Which predominates? This paper analyzes the presence of both realism and imagination.    Richard A. Lanham in â€Å"Superposed Plays† discusses the poetic or imaginative side of Hamlet:    The real doubt comes when we ask, â€Å"What poetic do we bring to the Hamlet play?† As several of its students have pointed out, it is a wordy play. Eloquence haunts it. Horatio starts the wordiness by supplying a footnote from ancient Rome in the first scene, by improving the occasion with informative reflections. Everybody laughs at Polonius for his moralizing glosses but Hamlet is just as bad. Worse. Gertrude asks him, in the second scene, why he grieves to excess and he gives us a disquisition on seeming and reality in grief. The King follows with h is bravura piece on grief. Everybody moralizes the pageant. The Hamlet play abounds with triggers for straight revenge-tragedy response. The whole â€Å"mystery† of Hamlet’s hesitant revenge boils down to wondering why he doesn’t go ahead and play his traditional part, complete with the elegant rants we know he can deliver. (89)    The real battle in the play between imagination and realism is forcefully presented by another literary critic. Harold Goddard’s essay, â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† highlights this battle in the play:    Hamlet, the conclusion is, is a failure because the materials Shakespeare inherited were too tough and intractable. Too tough and intractable for what? That they were too tough and intractable for a credible historical picture may be readily granted. But what of it? And since when was poetry supposed to defer to history? Two world wars in three decades ought to have taught us that our history has not gone deep enough. But poetry has. The greatest poetry has always depicted the world as a little citadel of nobility threatened by an immense barbarism, a flickering candle surrounded by infinite night. The â€Å"historical† impossibility of Hamlet is its poetical truth, and the paradox of its central figure is the universal psychology of man. (14)    The play opens on the ramparts of Elsinore castle – a very realistic setting. But very soon the imaginative element of a ghost, the likeness of dead King Hamlet, makes its appearance before Barnardo, Marcellus and Horatio. Mysteriously, it says nothing, prompting Horatio and Marcellus to leave in search of Hamlet, the prince and their friend, who might be able to interpret this spectral figure. Imagination and Realism in Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework Imagination and Realism in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet is a composite of poetic and realistic elements. Which predominates? This paper analyzes the presence of both realism and imagination.    Richard A. Lanham in â€Å"Superposed Plays† discusses the poetic or imaginative side of Hamlet:    The real doubt comes when we ask, â€Å"What poetic do we bring to the Hamlet play?† As several of its students have pointed out, it is a wordy play. Eloquence haunts it. Horatio starts the wordiness by supplying a footnote from ancient Rome in the first scene, by improving the occasion with informative reflections. Everybody laughs at Polonius for his moralizing glosses but Hamlet is just as bad. Worse. Gertrude asks him, in the second scene, why he grieves to excess and he gives us a disquisition on seeming and reality in grief. The King follows with h is bravura piece on grief. Everybody moralizes the pageant. The Hamlet play abounds with triggers for straight revenge-tragedy response. The whole â€Å"mystery† of Hamlet’s hesitant revenge boils down to wondering why he doesn’t go ahead and play his traditional part, complete with the elegant rants we know he can deliver. (89)    The real battle in the play between imagination and realism is forcefully presented by another literary critic. Harold Goddard’s essay, â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† highlights this battle in the play:    Hamlet, the conclusion is, is a failure because the materials Shakespeare inherited were too tough and intractable. Too tough and intractable for what? That they were too tough and intractable for a credible historical picture may be readily granted. But what of it? And since when was poetry supposed to defer to history? Two world wars in three decades ought to have taught us that our history has not gone deep enough. But poetry has. The greatest poetry has always depicted the world as a little citadel of nobility threatened by an immense barbarism, a flickering candle surrounded by infinite night. The â€Å"historical† impossibility of Hamlet is its poetical truth, and the paradox of its central figure is the universal psychology of man. (14)    The play opens on the ramparts of Elsinore castle – a very realistic setting. But very soon the imaginative element of a ghost, the likeness of dead King Hamlet, makes its appearance before Barnardo, Marcellus and Horatio. Mysteriously, it says nothing, prompting Horatio and Marcellus to leave in search of Hamlet, the prince and their friend, who might be able to interpret this spectral figure.

Org Behaviou

Table of Contents 1. 0 Introduction2 2. 0 Initial Situation – Case Analysis2 2. 1 The History of Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)2 2. 2 Peter R. Dolan3 2. 3 What is Plavix? 3 2. 4 Plavix Generic Drug Agreements4 2. 5 Dolan’s Fate5 3. 0 Questions and Answers6 3. 1 Q1) What principles of distributive Negotiation did Sherman use to gain his advantage? 6 3. 2 Q2 ) Do you think Sherman behaved ethically? Why or why not? 7 3. 3 Q3) What does this incident tell you about the role of deception in negotiation? 9 4. 0 Conclusion10 1. 0 Introduction All organisations form an integral part of the global village. Therefore organisations have become open systems due to deregulation, ever changing technology, lifestyle and demographics. In order to be triumphant in today’s dynamic environment organisations need to focus on the environment it operates in and have to react swiftly to the changes that occur by developing negotiation strategies to stay ahead of competition. Strategy is embedded in any organisations planning process and without strategy the organisation will become a candidate for acquisitions or would become extinct. In this report we have analysed the case of â€Å"DAVID OUT-NEGOTIATIONG GOLIATH: APOTEX AND BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB†, which is based on a real world scenario about the survival of two giants of the pharmaceutical industry at stake. Our main objective is to analyse the main conflicts and negotiation issues which have arisen during the negotiation process between the two giants and also to look at how their internal objectives have driven them to the final result. Therefore, we present some more external information about the elevant case to get a better background knowledge, and also we have analysed the main issues by answering the questions which have been brought up in the case. 2. 0 Initial Situation – Case Analysis 2. 1 The History of Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) In early 1887, William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers invested $5,000 into a failing drug manufacturing firm located in Clinton, New York. The company was officially incorporated on December 13, 1887, an d in May 1898 changed its name to the Bristol, Myers Company. According to the records Bristol-Myers merged with Squibb in 1989 and created a global leader in the health care industry as â€Å"Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)†. By this merger it created the world’s second-largest pharmaceutical enterprise. (http://www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf – Accessed on 21, March 2011) Today, Bristol-Myers Squibb has become one of the leading worldwide provider of anti-cancer therapies as well as a leader in the discovery and development of innovative treatments to fight heart disease, stroke, and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS. (http://www. awpagesociety. om/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf – Accessed on 21, March 2011) 2. 2 Peter R. Dolan Peter R. Dolan has received his BA from Tufts University in 1978, and his MBA from Dartmouth College in 1980. He began his career at General Foods from 1983–1987, but by 1988 had transferred to BMS as Vice-President of Marketing. Dolan was named CEO in Februar y 2001 and made Chairman of the Board in 2002. He was infamous within the company for setting â€Å"Big Hairy Audacious Goals†, such as his 2001 promise to double BMS revenues within five years. He regretted about that particular statement, as 2002 sales totalled came down from $18. billion, which was 1% of a decrease from 2000. (http://www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf – Accessed on 21, March 2011) 2. 3 What is Plavix? Plavix was a FDA-approved anti-platelet daily medication that reduces the risk of heart attack. Plavix was brought to market through a partnership between Bristol-Myers Squibb and French drug maker Sanofi-Aventis, the world’s third largest pharmaceutical company and the largest in Europe. Plavix 2005 global sales were $5. 9-billion, up more than 15% from 2004. According to Pharmaceutical Business Revenue and Data Monitor, sales were expected to peak at $6-billion in 2011. http://www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FI NAL3. pdf – Accessed on 21, March 2011) 2. 4 Plavix Generic Drug Agreements In July 2006, BMS announced that the U. S. Justice Department was investigating the company’s March 2006 agreement with Canadian generic drug manufacturer Apotex. The agreement was intended to delay the Apotex’s release of an inexpensive generic version of Plavix. Under the terms of Bristol-Myers’ ill-conceived agreement with Apotex, BMS offered Apotex $40 million to halt production of the generic Plavix until June 1, 2011. This date was five months before the Plavix patent was set to expire. Bristol-Myers also agreed not to release its own non-branded Plavix until six months after Apotex began to sell its generic version of the blood thinner. When asked to approve the agreement, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and state Attorneys General objected to these provisions. They labelled the Bristol-Myers concession anti-competitive because it assured that Apotex would be the sole market vendor of cheap, generic Plavix for at least six months. So, Bristol-Myers Squibb agreed to remove the anti-competitive provision from the contract. Nevertheless, the FTC began questioning Apotex regarding the revised agreement. During these questioning sessions, Apotex told the federal regulators that Bristol-Myers had given Apotex private assurance that it would not release a general version of Plavix to the market. (http://www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf – Accessed on 21, March 2011) When the agreement did not receive approval, Apotex quickly introduced its generic version of Plavix (which had obtained FDA approval earlier that year), and the drug became universally available in August 2006. Apotex priced the generic version at an estimated 10 to 20 percent discount. Apotex’s generic Plavix quickly gained 75% market share of new prescriptions. Within the month, Bristol-Myers Squibb was able to get a United States District Judge to order a temporary injunction halting further sales of the generic Plavix. However, the judge did not order a recall of generic Plavix. The District Court ruled that Apotex had the legal right to sell its generic version of Plavix. (http://www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf – Accessed on 21, March 2011) After only one month of generic Plavix competition, BMS was forced to reduce its 2006 earnings forecast by 25%. Bristol-Myers’s reduced per share earnings estimate was below the company dividend, meaning that Bristol would be paying more to shareholders than it actually earned. In sum, over the five years of Dolan’s tenure, the stock price of Bristol-Myers Squibb had declined by over 60%. (http://www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf – Accessed on 21, March 2011) 2. 5 Dolan’s Fate On September 12, 2006, CEO Peter Dolan and General Counsel Richard K. Willard were dismissed by the Bristol-Myers board. Dolan was replaced on an interim basis by James M. Cornelius, a Bristol-Myers director and former executive at Guiding Corporation. (http://www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf – Accessed on 21, March 2011) 3. 0 Questions and Answers 3. 1 Q1) What principles of distributive Negotiation did Sherman use to gain his advantage? Negotiation occurs whenever two or more conflicting parties attempt to resolve their divergent goals by redefining the terms of their interdependence. In, Other Words, People negotiate when they think that iscussion can produce a more satisfactory arrangement (at least for them) in their exchange of goods or services. ( McShane and Travaglione , 2003) A distributive negotiation is a type or process that normally entails a single issue to be negotiated. The single issue often involves price and frequently relates to the bargaining process. Also referred to as ‘Win – Loseâ€⠄¢, or ‘Fixed – Pie’ negotiation because one party generally gains at the expense of another party. (http://www. negotiations. com/definition/distributive-negotiation/) – Accessed on 27, March 2011) Despite the fact that BMS and Apotex entered the negotiation process, with the primary goal of achieving a ‘Win-Win’ situation which will lead to an integrative negotiation. However according to our analysis we feel that the negotiation ended on a ‘Win- Lose’ note, resulting in a distributive negotiation. Dr. Barry Sherman (Apotex) when negotiating with BMS, has used following distributive negotiation principles in order to achieve his Goals. Goal – In this case scenario, Dr. Sherman wanted to direct the negotiation in a way that would maximise his benefits as much as possible. As an example, Dr. Sherman inserted a clause in the deal that would require the BMS to pay Apotex $60 Million â€Å"IF† FTC rejected the deal. Motivation and Focus – When engaged in distributive bargaining one’s tactics are to focus on getting one’s opponent to agree to one’s specific target point or to get as closer as possible. (Robbins, 2005) â€Å"I Win, You lose†- where Apotex’s win is at the expense of BMS. Further it could be noted that the outcome of the negotiation falls outside the BMS’s resistance point indicating a total victory for Dr. Barry Sherman and Apotex . The two Company’s being opposed to each other is another distributive negotiation characteristic seen throughout the situation where BMS’s goal in this negotiation is to delay the launch of Apotex’s generic competitor, where as Apotex’s / Dr Sherman’s motive being its opposite. Information Sharing – In this negotiation process information sharing was low. This was evident through the clause inserted in the deal, and also by Dr. Sherman not disclosing the preparation of launching the generic product before the agreed date. Duration of Relationship – It is visible that the focus of the relationship between BMS and Apotex was â€Å"Short Term† mainly due to fact that Dr Sherman was aware of FTC’s decision and the impact that would have on the negation process. 3. 2 Q2 ) Do you think Sherman behaved ethically? Why or why not? The answer to this question depends on a person’s values, culture, and the situation. What might be acceptable in poker would probably not be acceptable in most business situations. What might be acceptable in New York might not be acceptable in Ottawa. Different cultures and different situations contain inherent â€Å"rules† about the degree to which bluffing or misrepresentation is deemed acceptable. (**** I have attached another PDF – this part is from that article) According to what we see, it’s not ethical to lie in a negotiation, but according to research 28% of negotiators lie about a common interest issue during negotiations, while another study found that 100% of negotiations either failed to reveal a problem or actively lied about it during negotiations if they were not directly asked about the issue. Therefore we have an issue to recognize, when is a lie a lie? Some argue, when exaggerating, downplaying negatives, ignoring flaws, or saying â€Å"I don’t know† we are lying, but today most businessmen look at this, not as unethical practices, but rather as indicators that a negotiator is Strong, Smart, or Savvy. (Robbins, 2005) When we look at this scenario, we can’t agree that Dr. Sherman’s behaviour is ethical; during the negotiation process he was indicating a trustworthy long term relationship towards BMS and indirectly influencing BMS to take certain actions emotionally (for example : carrying out the negotiation at certain times without attorneys ). However in the meanwhile he gets ready to launch the product, which clearly explains the unethical behaviour and his attempt to misguide BMS. Further, another factor to be noted at the same time is if we want to survive in this highly competitive world, we have to be SMART enough to be professional and BMS being the initiator to the negotiation, should have known exactly what they signed. BMS being a large organisation, having the capacity, should have done their ground work prior going for the negotiations. Further, they could have appointed a negotiation panel rather than a one person, which would have increased the chances of winning. The question arisen is why BMS’s industry knowledge and experience didn’t warn them about the FTC decision. This clearly explains poor preparation and their underestimation of Dr Sherman’s negotiation tactics. We believe, Dr Sherman was being technically correct, that does not justify his behaviour as ethical. The question to argue is the acceptability of the tactics used by Dr Sherman in improving his chances of winning. We believe that winning a business negotiation is important, but winning by deceiving the other party is unethical. 3. 3 Q3) What does this incident tell you about the role of deception in negotiation? ‘Deception' is the use of false arguments that leads the other person to an incorrect conclusion. We can see these types of scenarios every day in business world, because when doing these types of important negotiations, we have to make sure, that we have our goals in the sight and work towards achieving it with a well planned process, without getting carried over with emotional bonds or friendships. The BMS vs Apotex negotiation shows misrepresentation occurring in a negotiation, where a person deliberately takes a position on something which is not true in some way. Dr. Sherman deliberately misleads BMS showing them that, he is carrying out negotiations in order to come to a conclusive decision of delaying the launch of the generic product. However, while negotiations are being carried out, Dr Sherman plans to market and launch the generic product deceptively. By use of false arguments and providing not rue information, Dr Sherman misguides the other party in negotiation for a settlement offer. While showing an objective of achieving a â€Å"Win – Win† solution, indicating a trustworthy relationship (which leads the executive of BMS, Bodnar keeping their attorneys out of the discussion in many instances during the negotiation process). Further Dr Sherman including a clause in the deal that would require BMS to pay Apotex $60 Million if FTC rejects the deal, believ ing that FTC would, further explains the deception in this negotiation process. A point to be noted is certain practices carried out by BMS was not professional (example Bodnar keeping the attorneys out of the negotiation) which might lead to further deception. BMS objective was to create a favorable position for themselves by trying to make Dr. Sherman agree to their conditions. Deception plays a major role in this negotiation process. Even though BMS and Apotex entered into negotiation with an objective of coming into a conclusive decision of delaying the launch and the settlement offer. However, the outcome of the negotiation was totally dependant on the deception played by the people involved in the negotiation and the negotiation process had a less impact on the final outcome. 4. 0 Conclusion In today’s context, negotiation plays a vital role in any business organization and its challenges are growing. Every organization has their own goals to achieve, therefore it's important to discuss and resolve conflicts arising by divergent goals. Negotiations are often complex, hence always demand preparation. Lack of preparation and not following a proper process will result in adverse and unexpected results. We can clearly see in the above analyzed Apotax vs BMS case, how important is to pay attention and how well we have to know the rules to play well in the field of negotiation, because even a small mistake can change the end result to a greater extend. We can see lot of similarities between this case and the story David vs. Goliath. As we know David was just a lad, representing the Israeli army and was confronted by a giant Goliath, representing the Philistine army. David managed to strategically defeat and destroy the giant Goliath. When relating the case and the story, Apotex (David) was approached by a corporate giant – BMS (Goliath) to delay the launch of a competitive substitute. Goliath attempted to negotiate an agreement to hold back competition in the market. To be successful, David had to not only get their product into the market, but also to outnumber the giant. This deal brought a huge win for David, because he was able to examine the issues and identify the opportunities he could gain from this negotiation and also he always had a clear goal and a vision to reach it. So in the end, David successfully launched Plavix generic product and capitalized on the downfall of Goliath to build Apotex's market share. In the above case, Goliath (BMS) forgot that they were involved in a business negation, and got carried away with emotions and wanted to have a long term business relationship with David (Apotex), which David used to his advantage. As professional business people we should always predict the worst possible outcome as well, before getting into this type of an immense business deal which involves lot of money, market share and specially reputation. Which affects the business bottom line and in turn risking stake holder funds or returns) MBS was over confident in going to the negotiations, because they thought they are a large company, as we see size does not matter, it’s what strategies you use to negotiate and you attentions to details and how well you prepare, that matters. BMS had the resources to win the negotiation, but was not prepare d to use them effectively and efficiently, that’s where they lost. Before getting in to a negotiation, we have to look at all of the implications of a deal, both for the one’s self and the related party. To be successful, a deal has to make a ‘Win – Win’ situation to the both the parties. But here, Goliath never considered about the economic reality, planning or preparing a negotiation agenda and also entered to the negotiation processes even without carrying out a proper background research. Today, we all go through negotiation in day-to-day life, because it has become a technicality which we use in a daily basis. So, when it comes to these types of immense deals, we have to make sure we follow a proper negotiation process which involves major steps of negotiation such as, preparation and planning, definition of ground rules, clarification and justification, bargaining and problem solving, closure and implementation. And also at the same time we should ensure that we make no mistake on our way forward achieving our objective. Further a factor which needs to be kept in our mind throughout our negotiation process is to achieve our goal in an ethical manner making sure we keep no space for others to deceive us. — END OF REPORT – –

Computerized Admission Examination System Essay

Entrance Examination – An examination success in which qualifies a person to join a school, university, organization. Examination that many educational institutions use to select students for admission. These exams may be administered at any level of education, from primary to higher education, although they are more common at higher levels. School – An institution for educating children. University – a school that offers courses leading to a degree (such as a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree) Examination – a test to show a person’s progress, knowledge, or ability Student – a person who is studying at a school or college. Visual Basic – Visual Basic is a third-generation programming language. Microsoft intended Visual Basic to be relatively easy to learn and use. Administrator – Who is responsible to create a new course, delete course, add member or delete it. Faculty member – A teacher in the faculty. Introduction Online Examination System is a software application which allows a particular company or institute to arrange, conduct and manage any objective examination via online. This document will propose all features and procedures to develop the system. This document specially containing details about objectives, scope, limitation, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance, abstract and synthesis. Entrance Exam System is very useful for Educational Institute to prepare an exam, save the time that will take to check the paper and prepare mark sheets. It will help the school to testing of students and develop their skills. But the disadvantages for this system, it takes a lot of times when you prepare the exam at the first time for usage. And we are needs number of computers with the same number of students. The effective use of Entrance Exam System, many Educational Institute can be use it to develop their strategy for putting the exams, and for getting better results in less time. Scope and limitations: On-line Exam system is designed for Educational Institutes (like schools and universities). The system handles all the operations, and generates reports as soon as the test is finish, that includes name, mark, time spent to solve the exam. Allow students to see or display his answers after the exam is finish. The type of questions is only multiple choice or true and false. The scope and limitation of this system is: The on-line exam system design to educational institutes. Hold all operation and generate reports to student, teachers and administrator. Support multiple choices questions. Allow the student to prochoice the answer and to see his mark. Verify a security, authority and safty. The Administrator can be done the following: Create/delete accounts (add a list of faculty names and list of his student) Change password for Faculty/Student Create/ delete/update courses (subject). The Faculty can be done the following: Change password. Insert questions. Specify the answers. Update mark of questions and answers. The Student can be done the following: Change password. Choose exam. Review answers. See his exam mark. View other material.

On My Personal Experience with Other Cultures Encountered by My essays

On My Personal Experience with Other Cultures Encountered by My essays On My Personal Experience with Other Cultures Encountered by My ... Every lucky man has all five senses, perhaps he or she has also the power of predicting the future by means of of the so called "sixth sense", or intuition. We use them altogether all the time, and so one can hardly tell a story in which just one particular sense is engaged. I have spent most of my life here in Slovakia and I only communicate with other worlds by means of the Internet, by reading or by watching TV. Or I communicate with those worlds which come to my world. As far as my vision in interaction with other cultures is concerned, the most intense memory is a 16th century painting by van Brueghel Jr. called The Triumph of Death. It shows Death and all that it stands for coming in overwhelming quantity, torturing and killing masses of people in insane laughter. I saw this picture when I was 7 for the first time and since then I have been returning to it, wondering what event could have led the author to create this dreadful masterpiece. I have seen many similar and even much better artistic works since I saw The Triumph of Death for the first time, but with the help of this particular work I realized that Art is all about making an image of and perceiving different worlds inhabited by different people. Music. This is the first thing that comes to my mind when hearing and other cultures are mentioned. I remember one summer night, when there were about 20 people sitting around a fire and everyone held an instrument. Most of those were people I did not know, but at that moment I felt strong mutual unity powered by tribal beats of bongos of all sizes. It was a ritual of freeing our minds to other dimensions and the music was the gate. At that time, banging a bongo, playing a didgeridoo or another "non-standard" instrument was a matter of fashion, of course, mainly within the young, now it is fading away. I do not know and I do not ...